Please post your question, quote, and fact here for chapter 8. Also, please respond to at least two of your peers' posts and my questions.
Questions:
1.) What are some different approaches for selecting participants and sites?
2.) Why should you know the levels of permissions required to gain access to your sites and your participants?
3.) What are some administrative and ethical considerations involved in collecting qualitative data?
4.) What is the I.R.B. at MWSU, and why should you go through this process and group when you do research? Why is it important?
5.) What are the procedures for recording qualitative data?
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
Question: Wouldn't it be faster to ask mostly closed ended questions in qualitative research?
ReplyDeleteQuote: "Also during the interview, you need to give some attention to the conversation with the participants. This attention may require saying little, handling emotional outbursts, and using icebreakers to encourage individuals to talk. With all of these issues to balance, it is little wonder inexperienced researchers express surprise about the difficulty of conducting interviews."
Fact: There are a number of approaches to interviewing and using open-ended questions on questionnaires. Which interview approach to use will ultimately depend on the accessibility of individuals, the cost, and the amount of time available.
1. The intent is to develop an indepth exploration of a central phenomenon. The researcher purposefully or intentionally selects individuals and sites. Some approaches are: purposeful sampling, maximal variation sampling, extreme case sampling, typical sampling, theory or concept sampling, homogeneous sampling, critical sampling, opportunistic sampling, snowball sampling, and confirming and disconfirming sampling.
ReplyDelete2. In gaining permission, qualitative researchers are sensitive to the potentially intrusive nature of their research, and are mindful of respecting individuals and sites, potential power inbalances, and reciprocating.
ReplyDelete3. Some key issues likely to arise are: informing participants of the purpose of the study, refraining from deceptive practices, sharing information with participants, being respectful of the research site, receprocity, using ethical interview practices, maintaining confidentiality, and collaborating with participants.
ReplyDelete4. The I.R.B. is the Institutional Review Board. Researchers applying for permission to study individuals in a qualitative project must go through this process, because you will spend time in people's homes, workplaces, or sites in which you gather data.
ReplyDelete5. Recording data involves recording information through research protocols, administering data collection so that you can anticipate potential problems in data collection, and bringing a sensitivity to ethical issues that may affect the quality of the data.
ReplyDelete1. Qualitative research uses purposeful sampling. We intentionally select individuals and sites to learn more about the central phenomenon. Maximal variation samples cases or individuals that differ on some characteristic. Extreme case sampling is choosing participants that are outside of the normal characteristics. Typical sampling is picking normal for the situation. Homogeneous sampling is when you pick participants base on their membership in a group. Critical sampling refers to an exceptional case. Find a particular incident or person that represents a dramatic incident around your phenomenon. Opportunistic sampling is picking your sampling after you have already started you study. Snowball sampling starts after the study has begun and the researcher ask participants to recommend other participants. Confirming or disconfirming sampling is used to follow up on specific cases or explore further findings.
ReplyDelete2. You need to know the levels of permission so that you know you have permissions from all people involved in the study. If you don’t have the proper permissions it could ruin your entire study. You definitely need permission from the participants but they aren’t the only ones. You may have to have permission from review board if you are doing a study for a project. For example your Master’s program.
3. Researchers need to protect the anonymity of participants and you need to inform participants that they are participating in a study and the purpose of the study. You can not be deceitful. If a participant shares information of the record it can become an issue. Another issue is whether or not to share your own experiences or to remain the researcher. Another issue is whether you are disrupting a site. Interviewing may be another issue if participants disclose sensitive information.
4. The IRB is the Institutional Review Board. You have to submit your study through them for approval before you begin. They ensure that you are following all protocols and ethical procedures for conducting a study. It protects your rights as a researcher and protects you from legal action if you are following their guidelines.
5. You will record data through observations, interviews, documents and audiovisuals. You may spend a lot of time at the site collecting data. Confidentiality is important in all areas.
Fact:
You have to run your project through IRB before you can begin your study.
Question:
What if you can not find someone to be the gatekeeper? Do you have to have one in order to conduct your study?
Quote:
It is better to select a few, rather than many, individuals or sites to study, to provide an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. Pg 241 I guess more is not always better.
Helen,
ReplyDeleteI think it would be faster to ask closed eneded questions but then you might be cutting out an important part of qualitative data. Part of qualitative data is to get participants feedback. If you are asking yes no type question you may not allow for their feelings to come through. I don't know for sure though just my opinion.
Jessica,
ReplyDeleteYour questions are very good! I have always found teachers and administrators at schools very helpful, but they are busy people. If we disrupt their lives, it should be for an approved reason.
Jessica, I thought the same thing about the more not always being better. I would have thought that you wanted a lot so you could "prove" that you got a good picture of everyone and everything.
ReplyDeleteHelen,
ReplyDeleteI would love to do a study like that! The closed ended questions I feel like that would free up some time to ask more questions and really get into how the people "feel" about the subject.
2.) Why should you know the levels of permissions required to gain access to your sites and your participants?
ReplyDeleteA) The different levels of permission required to gain access to your site and your participants are: the organization, the site, the individuals, and the I.R.B. at the campus. It is important to know these levels so insure a quality study and make sure they have all the access that they need to the site and individuals for their study. (page 218-220)
3.) What are some administrative and ethical considerations involved in collecting qualitative data?
A) Some of the administrative and ethical considerations involved in collecting qualitative data are: gaining access to the site and people, observational issues with wither to include quotes in your notes or if your notes are even credible, Issues arise in interviews: How much do you say, do you transcribe or record the interview, are your questions appropriate and so on. Also there are issues that arise with documentation: can you locate them, are they really valuable. During audiovisuals you need to think ahead and keep the room quiet, and make the participants as comfortable as possible. (Page 237-238) Ethical issues that may arise are also things that need to be remembered and made clear are: “”informing the participant of the purpose of the study, refraining from deceptive practices, sharing information with participants (including your role as the researcher), being respectful of the research site, reciprocity, using ethical interview practices, maintaining confidentiality and collaborating with participants.” (Page 238)
4.) What is the I.R.B. at MWSU, and why should you go through this process and group when you do research? Why is it important?
ReplyDeleteA) The I.R.B. at MWSU is the institutional review board for Missouri Western and you need to go through them before you do you research so they can approve your study. You need to have a description of your project, an informed consent form for the participants to sign, and have all of this reviewed. This is important so the participants don’t get taken advantage of and to ensure that your study is ethical in nature and procedure. (Page 218- 219)
QUESTION:
ReplyDeleteI feel like Theory or Concept Sampling would be double the work, because you are doing that sampling to discover the theory or specific concept and then you’ll have to do another sampling on what the concept is. I think, unless your whole study is about uncovering what theories or concepts these people have. Is anyone else confused? (Page 216)
QUOTE:
“In qualitative inquiry, the intent is not to generalize to a population, but to develop an in depth exploration of a central phenomenon.” (Page 213)
FACT:
When researchers are addressing what is typical, they could collect data and surveys to find out what is typical. Then find a person that possesses those traits and only use them for their report. (Page 216)
5.) What are the procedures for recording qualitative data?
ReplyDeleteA) “This process involves recording information through research protocols, administering data collection so that you can anticipate potential problems in data collection, and bringing a sensitivity to ethical issues that may affect the quality for the data. (Page 233)
Helen,
ReplyDeleteYes, but you will not get as much data, and for most qualitative interviews, you want to ask open-ended questions. In order to find the themes and code the data, you want them to be open ended. Yes and no answers are easy to transcribe, but they will not give you the data you really need for a qualitative study and for themes. Keep up the good work!
Good work here class!
ReplyDeleteRebecca, I see your work here, so I am not reposting it!
Rebecca,
ReplyDeleteYou are right. Trying to establish a theory is much harder for researchers to do in the end, and most researchers do not use the methods that require a theory at the end. It takes a while, and the theory may not emerge. Those are the hardest designs in my opinion.
Keep up the good work!
Jessica,
ReplyDeleteThere are gate keepers--especially in education. You have to get permission from your university and the district. Just follow the protocol for the university and the district, and you will be fine! They just want to make sure you are protecting the research participants' rights and the district!
Keep up the good work,
Dr. Hendrix
1.) What are some different approaches for selecting participants and sites?
ReplyDeleteA:
In qualittive research, we select participants and sites by using purposeful samping;researchers intentionaly selct indiciduals and sites. In quantitative research, we select participants and sites by using random sampling; researchers select participants from the general population who live in the site that researchers want to study.
2.) Why should you know the levels of permissions required to gain access to your sites and your participants?
A:
Because researchers need toknow who they have to contact and get the permission for their researches. For example, I would like to do a research with an autistic child at a school. First, I have to get the permission from the autistic child's parents. Additioally, if I want to observe the child while he or she are studying in the class. I have to get permission from the principle and the chid's teacher. If you don't get permission from the person who has authority in the place that you want to study. You will break the ethic of research doing and law.
3.) What are some administrative and ethical considerations involved in collecting qualitative data?
A:
In qualitative research, you have to ask the participants about their personal details, therefore, you need to gain trust from the participants in order to disclose their information. First, you start to identify some of guildlines for ethical practices. Second, you have to review the key issues that likely to arise, such as explain your research purpose and role to participants, refrain from deceptive practices, respect to the research stes, use ethical interview practices, maintain cnfidentially, an collaborate th participants.
4.) What is the I.R.B. at MWSU, and why should you go through this process and group when you do research? Why is it important?
ReplyDeleteA: IRE or CUHSR is Committer on the use of huma subject. It is similar to ethic committee of researchers. This committee will review your research purpose and make the decision that you should do your research or not. If you research has some ethical issues, you will not be approved to conduct your research. This committee is vey important for you as a researcher to get approval in order to do research with human.
5.) What are the procedures for recording qualitative data?
A:
You can record infomation by using the audio tapes or notes which includes informal nots or optical of documents.
Quote, "Participant confientially is of utmot importance. (Creswell, 2008, p.240)"
Fact, "Review the interview protocals of existing researches to help you develop your interviewing protocal for your research."
Question, "What elements that we should have in collecting form when we observe children's behaviors?"
http://www.missouriwestern.edu/orgs/human_subs/
ReplyDeleteThis is the IRB home website at MWSU. Every university has one to protect the research participants' rights and to make sure that they sign an informed consent before the research and know they do not have to do it! Check this website out if you have the time, and look at the certification process. Keep up the good work!
Rebecca,
ReplyDeleteI thought your quote was a good one because that is what I'm doing my final paper on. I want to fully explore my subject and answer all the questions that I have always wandered about.
1. In quantitative research we use random sampling, in qualitative research we identify participants and sites based on people and places that can best help us understand our central phenomenom. Purposeful sampling, extreme case sampling and snowball sampling are all ways researchers select individuals or sites.
ReplyDelete2. Quantitative and qualitative both require permission, however, we need greater access to the site in qualitative research because we go in and interview the participants.
3. Some ethical issues might be: a.) Deceiving the participants about the nature of the study. b.) Sharing "off the record " information.
c.) Sharing personal information with the participants.
4. The IRB is the national review board. Researchers must have permission from them before they can do research at MWSU.
5. Record the information using protocol, with attention to field issues that may occur, and collect the data ethically.
Question: Is it appropriate to ask open-ended questions during an interview?
Quote: "To truly learn about the situation, you can become involved in activities at the research site." p.222
Fact: A gatekeeper is an individual who has an official or unofficial role at the site, provides entrance to the site, helps researchers locate people, and assists in the identification of places to study. p.219
Prueksa,
Good question. I think it is important to know the childs's background, such as homelife, friends, etc...
1.) What are some different approaches for selecting participants and sites?
ReplyDeleteQualitative research uses purposeful sampling to pick participants that will help the researcher better understand the central phenomenon. One approach is maximal variation sampling in which the goal is to study individual or sites that differ in characteristics. Another approach extreme case sampling is purposeful sampling in which the researcher studies an outlier or one that displays extreme characteristics. Typical sampling involves studying participants that would be “typical” to the reader. Theory or concept sampling is a strategy of sampling where the researcher picks specific individuals or sites, so that they can help the researcher with a theory. Homogeneous sampling is where the researcher picks the participants based on them being part of a sub-group with similar characteristics. Critical sampling is when the researcher picks a exceptional case to learn about the phenomenon involved. Opportunistic sampling is taken after the research begins to take advantage of the events that are unfolding. Another method, snowball sampling occurs when the researchers ask the participants to recommend other individuals to study. The last form of purposeful sampling is confirming and disconfirming sampling where a follow up is done on a specific research case to confirm or disconfirm the findings.
2.) Why should you know the levels of permissions required to gain access to your sites and your participants?
Researchers need to seek out permission of the site or individuals involved in the study such as the campus review board, organization involved, and the site. This ensures that the intrusive nature of the research are respectful of the participants and site, the imbalances it could cause at the site, and also “giving back” in some way.
3.) What are some administrative and ethical considerations involved in collecting qualitative data?
ReplyDeleteDuring the collection of data potential issues might arise. The researcher can anticipate these administrative challenges by anticipating issues with access to the site, observations and collecting the data during observations, how interviews are conducted, documenting, and with using audiovisual material. The nature of qualitative research requires a high degree of trust of the researcher. The researcher can assure that the study is conducted ethically by informing participants of the nature of the study, avoiding deceptive practices, sharing information with participants, maintaining participant confidentiality, and collaborating with participants.
4.) What is the I.R.B. at MWSU, and why should you go through this process and group when you do research? Why is it important?
The Institutional Review Board at MWSU is a committee of faculty that must approve student and faculty research to assure the rights of the participants of the study. The steps include seeking permission from the IRB, developing a description of the research, designing an informed consent form, and then having the project reviewed by the IRB.
5.) What are the procedures for recording qualitative data?
Qualitative research can involve four types of data collection approaches, observations, interviews and questionnaires, documents, and audiovisual material. Data is recorded through several methods in qualitative research. The first method is using protocols, forms made by researchers to record information during observations and interviews. The data also needs to be administered in a way to avoid any problems in the data collection and also done in an ethical way.