Please post your question, quote, and fact here. Also, please respond to at least two of your peers' posts as well as my questions.
Questions:
1.) What is grounded theory and when should you use it?
2.) Discuss how theoretical sampling, constant comparative data analysis, and memoing work in grounded theory research.
3.) Describe how you would conduct a grounded theory study.
4.) Describe how you would evaluate a grounded theory study.
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Question: If saturation in grounded theory research is a state in which the researcher makes the subjective determination that new data will not provide any new information or insights for the developing categories, then what determines the finite saturation point?
ReplyDeleteQuote: "During analysis of the data for categories, grounded theorists identify a core category (or central phenomenon) that will process out into a theory. Grounded theorists explore this process to develop a theory. Throughtout the grounded theory procedure, grounded theorists write memos to themselves."
Fact: Educators can use the criteria for evaluating a study and the six characteristics of a grounded research study to assess the quality of a published study.
1. A grounded theory design is a systematic, qualitative procedure used to generate a theory that explains, at a broad conceptual level, a process, an action, or an interaction about a substantive topic. You use grounded theory when you need a broad theory or explanation of a process. You also use grounded theory when you wish to study some process. It also is used to explain an action of people or an interaction among people.
ReplyDelete2. Theorectical sampling in grounded theory means that the researcher chooses forms of data collection that will yield text and images useful in generating a theory. This means that the sampling is intentional and focused on the generation of a theory. Constant comparison is an inductive data analysis procedure in grounded theory research of generating and connecting categories by comparing incidents in the data to other incidents, incidents to categories, and categories to other categories. The overall intent is to ground the categories in the data.
2. And memos are notes the researcher writes throughout the research process to elaborate on ideas about the data and the coded categories. In memos, the researcher explores hunches, ideas, and thoughts, and then takes them apart, always searching for the broader explanations at work in the process. Memos help direct the inquirer toward new sources of data, shape which ideas to develop further, and prevent paralysis from mountains of data.
ReplyDelete3. The approach for the systematic form of inquiry consists of:
ReplyDeleteStep 1. Decide if a grounded theory design best addresses the research problem.
Step 2. Identify a process to study.
Step 3. Seek approval and access.
Step 4. Conduct theoretical sampling.
Step 5. Code the data.
Step 6. Use selective coding and develop the theory.
Step7. Validate your theory.
Step 8. Write a grounded theory research report.
4. When evaluating the quality of a grounded theory study
ReplyDeletea. Ask about the theory itself.
1. Is there an obvious connection or fit between the categories and the raw data?
2. Is the theory useful as a conceptual explanation of actual problems and a basic process?
3. Does the theory provide a relevant explanation for the process being studied? In other words, does it work?
4. Is the theory modified as conditions change or the researcher collects additional data?
b. Ask about the process of research
1. Is a theorectical model developed or generated? Is the intent of this model to conceptualize a process, and action, or an interaction?
2. Is there a central phenomenon specified at the heart of this model?
3. Does the model emerge through pahses of coding.
4. Does the researcher attempt to interrelate the categories.
5. Does the researcher gather extensive data to develop a detailed conceptual theory well saturated in the data?
6. Does the study show that the researcher validated the evolving theory by comparing it to data, examining how the theory supports or refutes existing theories in the literature, or checking the theory with participants?
1.) What is grounded theory and when should you use it?
ReplyDeleteA) “A ground theory design is a systematic, qualitative procedure used to generate a theory that explains, at a broad conceptual level, a process, an action, or an interaction about a substantive topic. … You use grounded theory design when the theories “off the shelf” just don’t fit your problem, or to explain an action of people. Grounded theory is a step-by-step, systematic procedure for analyzing data.” (Page 432)
2.) Discuss how theoretical sampling, constant comparative data analysis, and memoing work in grounded theory research.
ReplyDeleteA) In grounded theory research theoretical sampling is when the “researcher chooses forms of data collection that will yield text and images useful in generating a theory. This means that the sampling is intentional and focuses on the generation of a theory.” (Page 442)
Constant comparative data analysis in grounded theory research is an inductive data analysis procedure… generating and connecting categories by comparing incidents in the data to other incidents, incidents to categories, and categories to other categories. Overall the intent is to “ground” the categories in the data.” (Page 443)
In grounded theory memos are “notes the researcher writes throughout the research process to elaborate on ideas about the data and the coded categories. In memos, the researcher explores hunches, ideas, and thoughts, and then takes them apart, always searching for the broader explanations at work in the process…. Memos are not usually reported.” (Page 447-448)
3.) Describe how you would conduct a grounded theory study.
ReplyDeleteA)
1. Decide if a grounded theory design best address the research problem.
2. Identify a process to study.
3. Seek approval and access.
4. Conduct Theoretical sampling
5. Code the data
6. Use selective coding and develop the theory
7. Validate your theory
8. Write a grounded theory research report (Page 448- 450
4.) Describe how you would evaluate a grounded theory study.
ReplyDeleteA)
*Is there an obvious connection or fit between the categories and the raw data?
*Is the theory useful as a conceptual explanation for the process being studied? In other words, does it work?
*Does the theory provide a relevant explanation of actual problems and a basic process?
*Is the theory modified as conditions change or the researcher collects additional data?
*Is a theoretical model developed or generated? Is the intent of this model to conceptualize a process, an action, or an interaction?
*Does the model emerge through phases of coding?
*Does the researcher attempt to interrelate the categories?
*Does the researcher gather extensive data to develop a detailed theory well saturated in the data?
*Does the study show that the researcher validated the evolving theory by comparing it to data, examining how the theory supports or refutes existing theories in the literature, or checking the theory with participants? (Page 451)
QUESTION: I feel like it would be rather easy to come up with the Core Category in the research. All of your major categories will stem off of one main thought/topic. Just use that topic as the core category. (Page 444)
ReplyDeleteQUOTE: This article closely resembles a scientific study. It begins with the literature and the problem, then proceeds to data collection and findings. The systematic procedures of coding discussed here gibe a strong procedural flavor to the study and emphasize rigor. This use of diagram and tables also underscore the more scientific approach to this report.” (Page 453)
FACT: Grounded Theory came about by two sociologists in the late 1960 when they were working with patients who were terminally ill and they recorded and publicized their methods of research. From this many people asked the two men about the method and they came out with a book about it. (Page 432-433)
Helen,
ReplyDeleteYou put in your quote the part about the researchers using memos. I thought that this was an "interesting" thing to put in the chapter. I feel like that is a common sense thing to write yourself little notes, and that those little notes to your self would normally not be put into your report. Did you find it odd that they even mentioned it in here? Just my thoughts.
1. Grounded theory is a systematic, qualitative procedure used to generate a theory that explains a process, an action, or an interaction about a substantive topic. You use grounded theory when you need a broad theory or explanation of a process.
ReplyDelete2. Theoretical sampling means that he researcher chooses forms of data collection that will yield test and images useful in generating a theory. Constant comparison is a inductive data analysis procedure in grounded theory research of generating and connecting categories by comparing incidents in the data to other incidents. Memoing are the notes that the researcher writes throughout the research process to elaborate on ideas about the data and the coded categories.
3. Decide if Grounded theory is best, identify a process to study, seek approval and access, conduct theoretical sampling, code the data, use selective coding and develop the theory, validate your theory, and write a report.
4. Ask if there is an obvious connection, is the theory useful, does the theory provide relevant explanation of actual problems. Then ask is a theoretical model developed, is there a central phenomenon, does the model emerge through phases of coding, does the researcher attempt to interrelate the categories, does the researcher gather extensive data to develop a detailed conceptual theory., and does the study show that he researcher validated the evolving theory by comparing it to data.
Fact:
During analysis of the data for categories grounded theorist identify a central phenomenon that will process out into a theory.
Question:
Grounded theory is confusing me a bit. I think I really may be overthinking it and making it more complex than it really is, can someone clear up the confusion for me?
Quote:
Creating a visual diagram of your theory helps to clearly identify the categories and see their interrelationships.
Rebecca,
ReplyDeleteI know you were asking helen but I agree with you. I thought it was strange that they would specifically address memoing, you would think it was kind of a no brainer.
Rebecca,
ReplyDeleteI agree that after you have your data that the core category would kind emerge itself. But my question wouldn't the core category be what you were trying to find out to begin with??
Becky,
ReplyDeleteWhen educators use criteria for evaluating a grounded theory design they look for a visual model of the theory, so your quote on using diagrams and tables was good.
Jessica,
ReplyDeleteI don't normally put notes or memos in books, so I feel if you can express your ideas that way then you should.
Helen,
ReplyDeleteWhen you think you cannot find anything new in the literature that would make a difference in your study, then you have reached saturation. I always double check with a reference librarian too, and that really helps me. They are experts at finding information, and they have found articles I did not before which has helped me with this problem.
Keep up the good work!
Jessica,
ReplyDeleteWith grounded theory, you are trying to come up with a theory after your study. It is one of the harder ones to do. Does that help?
Keep up the good work!
Rebecca,
ReplyDeleteYes, you can have one major theme and codes that work as branches for that one big theme.
Keep up the good work!
1. Grounded theory is a systematic, qualitative procedure used to generate a theory that explains, at a broad conceptual level, a process, an action, or an interaction about a substantive topic. You use grounded theory when you need a broad theory or explanation of a process.
ReplyDelete2. In theoretical sampling the researchers choose forms of data collection that will yield text and images useful in generating a theory. This means that the samping is intentional and focused on the generation of a theory. Constant comparative data analysis is an inductive procedure in grounded theory research of generating and connecting categories by comparing incidents in the data to other incidents, incidents to categories, and categories to other catergories. In the process the grounded theorist asks questions of the data. Memo writing is a tool in grounded theory research that provides researchers with an ongoing dialogue with themselves about the emergin theory. They explore hunches, ideas and thoughts and then take them apart always searching for broader explanations.
3. The steps to conducting grounded theory research are:
1. decide if grounded theory design best addresses the research problem.
2. identify a process to study.
3. seek approval and access.
4. conduct theoretical sampling.
5. code the data.
6. use selective coding and develop a theory.
7. validate your theory.
8. write a grounded theory research report.
4. When evaluating grounded theory research ask:
1. Is there an obvious connection between the categories and raw data?
2. Is the process being studied work?
3. Is there a central phenomenon?
4. Does the model emerge through phases of coding?
5. Does the researcher attempt to interrelate the categories?
Fact: In selective coding, the grounded theorist writes a theory from the interrelationship of the categories in the axial coding model.
Question: What is open coding?
Rebecca, It' interesting about grounded theory research starting by two men who were being observant. I think that paying attention to what is going on around us is very important and can teach us alot, but it also seems that this type of research can open one up to bias of interpretation.
Jessica, I liked the quote about making a visual diagram. This does allow an examiner to be able to quicly assess and compare the data. A picture is worthy a thousand words.
Quote: "If you plan to use the zigzag approach to data collection and analysis, it is difficult to plan and receive approval for collecting data."
1.) What is grounded theory and when should you use it?
ReplyDeleteA:
A grounded theory is a systematic, qualitative procedure used to generate a theory that examplains, at a broad conceptual level, a pcess, an action, or an interaction about a substantive topic (Creswell, 2008, p. 432).
Researchers use the research desgn when they want to understand the process of something, such as how NLB act work for school, students and parents, and How autistic students comunicate with teachers and how teachers communicate with children with special needs.
2.) Discuss how theoretical sampling, constant comparative data analysis, and memoing work in grounded theory research.
A:
1. Theoritical sampling in grounded theory research is to generate the theory, how to choose the participants.
2. Constant comparative data analysis in grounded theory design is to collecting data, comparing data, organized data.
3. Memoing in grounded theory design is to develop the idea that happen durng doing the research.
3.) Describe how you would conduct a grounded theory study.
A:
1. Decide if a grounde theory design best address the research problem.
2. Identify a process to study.
3. Seek approval and acces.
4. Conduct theoretical samling.
5. Code data.
6. Use selective coding and develop the theor.
7. Validate your theory.
8. Write a grounde theory research report.
4.) Describe how you would evaluate a grounded theory study.
A:
The grounde theory design do rely on assessment to evaluate the study. Creswell (2008) suggested researchers to look over the whole research and some questions that reearchers should be able to answer in page 451.
Fact, "Grounded theory design is qualittive research, so that it needs to code the data."
Quote, "You use grounded theory when y eek to generate a th because one is not availabe or suitatble."
Question, "Is it grounded theory hard to validate?"
I think grounded theory is one of the hardest research methods to do because you are trying to generate a new theory.
ReplyDeleteCoding is when you find themes and quotes/data that fit under those themes in qualitative research. Open coding is used in grounded theory and is similar. It is the process that grounded theorists use to form the first categories and themes about their phenomenon that they are studying. These will be tweaked and changed some as they saturate the data and delve deeper with their research and the coding. Does that help?