Please post your question, quote, and fact here from chapter 15. Also, respond to at least two of your peers' posts and answer my six questions.
Questions:
1.) Define ethnographic research and describe when you would use it.
2.) Describe several forms of data collected for ethnographic research.
3.) Describe the three components of description, themes, and interpretation in ethnographies.
4.) What is "reflexivity" and how do you document "reflexivity" in ethnographies?
5.) List the steps in ethnographic research.
6.) List the criteria used to evaluate ethnographic research.
Subscribe to:
Post Comments (Atom)
Question: What practical advice would an ethnographic design provide for teachers?
ReplyDeleteQuote: "In an ethnography, the themes map the shared patterns of behavior, thinking, or talking. The difficulty is in reducing the themes down to a small set and providing adequate evidence for each."
Fact: There are probably as many procedures for conducting an ethnography as there are ethnographers.
1. Ethnographic designs are qualitative procedures for describing, analyzing, and interpreting a culture-sharing group's shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language that develop over time. You conduct an ethnography when the study of a group provides understanding of a larger issue. You conduct an ethnography when you have a culture-sharing group to study-one that has been together for some time and has developed shared values, beliefs, and language.
ReplyDelete2. Emic data is information supplied by participants in a study. Emic refers to first-order concepts.
Etic data is information representing the ethnographer's interpretation of the participants' perspectives Etic refers to second-order concepts.
Negotiation data consists of information that the participant and the researcher agree to use in a study. Negotiation occurs at different stages in research.
3. A description in ethnography is a detailed rendering of individuals and scenes to depict what is going on in the culture-sharing group.It means transporting the reader to the actual scene by thick descriptive detail.
ReplyDeleteA thematic data analysis in ethnography consists of distilling how things work and naming the essential features in themes in the cultural setting. The ethnographer segments the text, codes them, and formulates a small set of nonoverlapping themes.
In interpretation in ethnography, the ethnographer draws inferences and forms conclusions about what was learned.
4. Reflexivity in ethnography refers to the researcher being aware of and openly discussing his or her role in the study in a way that honors and respects the site and participants. It is important for ethnographers to position themselves within their report and identify their standpoint or point of view. They do this by talking about themselves, sharing their experiences, and mentioning how their interpretations shape their discussions about the sites and culture-sharing groups.
5. Step 1. Identify intent and the type of design, and relate intent to your research problem.
ReplyDeleteStep 2. Discuss approval and access considerations.
Step 3. Use appropriate data-collection procedures.
Step 4. Analyze and interpret data within a design.
Step 5. Write the report consistent with your design.
6. The criteria for evaluating an ethnography begin with applying the standards used in qualitative research. Then, specific factors need to be considered within ethnography proper. Consider these questions:
1. Is the culture-sharing group or the case clearly identified and specified?
2. Are patterns identified for the group or case?
3. Is the group or the case described in detail?
4. Do you learn about the context surrounding the group or the case?
5. Does the author reflect n his or her role in the study?
6. Is there a broader interpretation made of the meaning of the patterns or the case?
7. Does the interpretation naturally flow fromthe description and the themes?
6. From reading the ethnography, does the reader have a sense about how the culture works from the participant's or researcher's viewpoint?
7. Has the author checked the accuracy of the study by using procedures such as triangulating among data sources or taking the study back to participants for review?
Helen,
ReplyDeleteOften in education, we use case studies. Ethnography is a form of case study. That helps give voices to our issues, and it helps us answer questions that quantitative data does not. Does that help?
Keep up the good work!
Chapter 15Questions:
ReplyDelete1.) Define ethnographic research and describe when you would use it.
A) Ethnography research are qualitative research used to look at culturally shared patterns that develop over time. (Page 473)
2.) Describe several forms of data collected for ethnographic research.
A) The forms of data collection for ethnographic research are: realistic ethnography, which is an objective account of the situation. (Page 475)
There is also, the case study, which is an in-depth exploration of an bounded event or individual based on extensive data collection.(Page 476) The last form is critical ethnography, which is when the author is advocating for a group.(Page 478)
3.) Describe the three components of description, themes, and interpretation in ethnographies.
ReplyDeleteA) Description in ethnography is a “detailed rendering of individuals and scenes to depict what is going on in the culture-sharing group. It needs to be detailed and thick and identify specifics.” (Page 483)
“Thematic data analysis in ethnography consists of distilling how things work and naming the essential features in themes in the cultural setting.” (Page 484)
Interpretation in ethnography, where the ethnographer draws inferences and forms conclusions about what was learned. This is the most subjective phase of analysis. They relate both description and themes back to the big picture of what was learned. (Page 485)
4.) What is "reflexivity" and how do you document "reflexivity" in ethnographies?
ReplyDeleteA) “Reflexivity refers to the researcher being aware f and opening discussing his or her role in the study in a way that honors and respects the site and participants.” It is important for the researcher to state who they are and their experiences so that everyone knows that their interpretation of the situation isn’t the end all. It is just an interpretation and others are entitled to their interpretation as well. (page 485)
5.) List the steps in ethnographic research.
A)1. Identify intent and the type of design, and relate intent to your research problem.
2. Discuss approval and access considerations.
3. Use appropriate data-collection procedures.
4. Analyze and interpret data within a design
5. Write the report consistent with your design
6.) List the criteria used to evaluate ethnographic research.
ReplyDeleteA)*Is the culture-shared group of the case clearly identified and specified?
*Are patterns identified for the group of case?
*Is the group or case described in detail?
*Do you learn about the context surrounding the group or the case?
*Does the author reflect on his or her role in the study?
*Is there a broader interpretation made of the meaning of the patterns or the case?
*Does the interpretation naturally flow from the description and the themes?
*From reading the ethnography, does the reader have a sense about how the culture works from the participant’s or researcher’s viewpoint?
*Has the author checked the accuracy of the study by using procedures such as triangulating among data sources or taking the study back to participants for review?
QUESTION:
ReplyDeleteI understand why ethnography would be used when the researcher wants to be an advocate, but other than that I can’t really see how this type of research could stand on it’s own. I feel like it would need to be teamed up with some other researcher to make a certain point or solve any problem. Because really it’s looking at a culture. It’s just the story of the culture, not a problem solver. Am I so lost?
QUOTE:
“Fieldwork in ethnography means that the researcher gathers data in the setting where the participants are located and where their shared patterns can be studied. The data collection involves: emic data (info. Supplied by participants), etic data (Info. Representing the researchers interpretation of the participants’ perspectives), and negotiation data (info. That the participants and the researcher agree to use in the study.)” (Page 482)
FACT:
“The key characteristics of an ethnographic design are: cultural themes, a culture-sharing group, shared patterns of behavior, belief, and language, field work, description, themes, and interpretation, content or setting, and researcher reflexivity.” (Page 479-480)
Helen,
ReplyDeleteYou're quote really is making me think. In every other reserach design I have felt that finding the themes could possibly be one of the easier parts of the researcher, but in ethnography I'm very confused as to what would be a theme. Is it what they have in common as a culture, because isn't that Everything the reserach is about? I hope I'm not confusing you now too. :s
Becky
Becky,
ReplyDeleteWouldn't ethnography be a good design to use in a mixed methods design? I think that when you are doing an ethnographic study you begin to learn a lot about the culture itself and really find it difficult to stay objective.
1. It is a qualitative research procedure for describing, analyzing, and interpreting a culture-sharing group’s shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language that develop over time. You use ethnography when a study of a group provides understanding of a larger issue or when you have a culture-sharing group to study.
ReplyDelete2. There are several ways to collect data. You could use casual conversation, life history interview, key informant interview, surveys, household census, questionnaire, observations, tests, focus group interview, and spatial mapping.
3. Description is a detailed rendering of individuals and scenes to depict what is going on in the group. Themes consist of distilling how things work and naming the essential features in these in the cultural setting. Interpretation is when you draw inferences and form conclusions about what was learned.
4. It is when the researcher is aware of and openly discussing his or her role in the study in a way that honors and respects the site and participants. You document it by talking about yourself and sharing your experiences and how your interpretations shaped discussions.
5. The steps in ethnographic research are identifying intent and the type of design, discuss approval and access considerations, use appropriate data collection procedure, analyze and interpret data, and write the report consistent with design.
6. You have to ask the following questions: Is the culture sharing group clearly identified, are patterns identified, is the group or case described in detail, do you learn about context, does the author reflect their role, does the interpretation naturally flow, has the author checked for accuracy.
Question:
How does a research keep their own bias out of the interpretations of their study?
Fact:
Case study is often used in conjunction with ethnography.
Quote:
Case study is an in depth exploration of a bounded system based on extensive data collection.
Helen,
ReplyDeleteI think as a teacher maybe ethnographic research could give you insight on why certain groups of students act the way they do. Ethnicity and culture play a lot more into education than most people think they do.
1. Ethnographic research is qualitative research procedures for describing, analyzing, and interpreting a culture sharing group's shared patterns of behavior, beliefs, and language that develop over time. It is used when the study of a group provides understanding of a larger issue.
ReplyDelete2. a.) emic data is information supplied by participants in a study. b.) etic is information representing the ethnographer's interpretation of the participant's perspectives. c.) negotiation data consists of information that the participant and the researcher agree to use in the study.
3. Description is a detailed rendering of the individual and scenes to depict what is going on in the culture sharing group. Themes consist of distilling how things work and naming the essential features in themes in the cultural setting. In the interpretaion, the ethnographer draws inferences and forms conclusions about what was learned.
4. Reflexivity refers to the researcher being aware of and openly discussing his/her role in the study in a way that honors and respects the site and participants. They do this by talking about themselves, sharing their experiences, and mentioning how their interpretations shape their discussions about the sites and culture sharing groups.
5. a.) Identify intent and the type of design, and relate intent to your research problem.
b.) Discuss approval and assess considerations.
c.) Use appropriate data collection procedures.
d.) Analyze and interpret data.
e.) Write the report consistent with your design.
6. a.) Is the culture sharing group or case clearly identified?
b.) Are patterns identified for the group?
c.) Is the group described in detail?
e.) Does the author reflect on his/her role in the study?
f.) Does the interpretation naturally flow from description and themes.
Fact: A realist ethnography is written as an objective report of information about the culture sharing group.
Quote: "There are probably as many procedures for conducting and ethnography as there are ethnographers.
Question: What is an intrinsic case?
Helen, I agree with your quote. It is difficult to condense a large amount of personal interpretation and date to small key points that reflect the culture group.
Jessica, case study is often used in ethnography and I am sure that in studying culture groups it is easy to then choose various case studies as well.
1.) Define ethnographic research and describe when you would use it.
ReplyDeleteA:
Ethnographic research is a qualitative research to explain people behavior, belife, and development some period of time.
Researchers use the resarch design when they want to understan why people do what they do, why they livewhat they live. It is a study about culture, social that people share in their group.
2.) Describe several forms of data collected for ethnographic research.
A:
1. The ealist ethnography.
2. The case study.
3. The critical ethnograph.
3.) Describe the three components of description, themes, and interpretation in ethnographies.
A:
Description in ethnography is the information that uses to repesent events in culture-sharing group.
Themes in ethnograph is a data analysis to deeply understand and name the themes.
Interpretation in ethnography is a conclusion writing of the research, what we have learned from the study, what we can develop.
4.) What is "reflexivity" and how do you document "reflexivity" in ethnographies?
A:
Reflexivity is the awareness of researchers that openly discuss about the research. We can take a note when we go into the fields, such as school, home, community, or after we interview participant; how we make the hange , influence the participants.
5.) List the steps in ethnographic research.
A:
1. Identify intent and the type of design and relate intent to the research problem.
2. Discuss approval and access consideration.
3. Use appropriate data collection pprocess.
4. analyze and interpret data within a design.
5. Write the repot consistent with the design.
6.) List the criteria used to evaluate ethnographic research.
A:
1. Applying the standards that use in qualitative research.
2. Specific factors that need to be coonsidered wihin ethnograhpy proper.
Fact,"Ethnography design can take moths to collect data."
Quote, "In a realist ethnography, because you will likely spend considerable time with individuals in the field (e.g. up to 4 months or more), you need to enter the site slowly and as unobtrusively as possible."
Question, "Even though researchers will not get involve or have some bias during studying, this research design needs researchers spend stime in the real settinf, people and activities. Is it possibly have some effect to researche attitude?"
Matt,
ReplyDeleteGood question. I think intrinsic, instrumental, and collective case studies would be important words to add to the word wall.
Rebecca,
ReplyDeleteIt takes on a new, hole in the field and uses stories or cases to answer the research questions about the hole in the field. It often leads the way for other research and quantitative research to be done. It is just as important as quantitative research. Remember the research questions tell you what method to choose in the end.
Does that help?
Keep up the good work!
Jessica,
ReplyDeleteLook back over the validity and reliability part and also the limitations. These help. They have these for qualitative research too. Any research, even quantitative, is really biased and not really objective. Look at Rosenberg's books on the Philosophy of Science and the Philosophy of Social Science. He does a good job pointing out the weaknesses of both types of research in his books.
Keep up the good work!
GOOD JOB CLASS! Please remember to send me any questions or concerns! I am here to help you!!!
ReplyDeleteEthanography research helps us to understand why and what somthing happen in deep and speficaly in on situation. It help to explain the events. Good for us to use the reseach t prevent the same mistakes, and improve practices in the future.
ReplyDelete